Journal: Colombia Médica : CM

Article Title: Microarray analysis of the in vitro granulomatous response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of human PBMC with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in formation of microscopic granulomas. PBMCs infected with: (A) H37Ra (100x), (B) BCG (100x), (C) Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (200x), (D) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (200x), or (E) uninfected PBMCs (100x). (F) Wright-Giemsa staining showing microgranulomas formed after 24 h of infection with H37Ra (400x).

Article Snippet: PBMCs infected with: (A) H37Ra (100x), (B) BCG (100x), (C) Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (200x), (D) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (200x), or (E) uninfected PBMCs (100x). (F) Wright-Giemsa staining showing microgranulomas formed after 24 h of infection with H37Ra (400x).

Techniques: Infection, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens—Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/ijms24119727

Figure Lengend Snippet: Studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against methicillin resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant S. aureus (a non-exhaustive list).

Article Snippet: Predoi D. et al., 2018 , MRSA 1144 S. aureus 1426 ESBL E. coli 4493 E. coli ATCC 25922 , Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) Lavandula augustifolia Mill (lavender) (linalool being the major compound in both EOs) , Broth microdilution Flow cytometric assay , Lavender EO expressed a good antibacterial action (MIC < 0.1% mg/mL for E. coli strains and up to 0.78% mg/mL for S. aureus strains; MBC < 0.1% mg/mL up to 1.56% mg/mL). The hydroxyapatite solution with lavender EO expressed an increased antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.31 mg/mL; MBC = 0.62 mg/mL for MRSA 1144), making hydroxyapatite a possible vehicle for lavender EO solutions in low concentrations. , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Cytotoxicity Assay, Electron Microscopy, In Vitro, Dilution Assay, Preserving, Quantitative Proteomics, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Membrane, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Concentration Assay, Titration, Bacteria, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Microdilution Assay, Produced, Modification, Clinical Proteomics, Blocking Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Crystal Violet Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, In Vivo, Liposomes, Time-Kill Assay, Formulation, MTT Assay, Incubation, Thin Layer Chromatography, Bioassay, Antibiofilm Assay, Resazurin Assay, Biofilm Production Assay, Control, Infection, Cream, Antioxidant Activity Assay, Permeability, Virus, Extraction, Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and sST2 levels in synovial fluid samples of septic arthritis and osteoarthritis patients, and similar profile in mouse septic arthritis. (A,B) Synovial fluid samples from patients with septic arthritis and osteoarthritis were collected and processed to determine the levels of IL-33 and sST2 by ELISA. (C,D) Staphylococcus aureus or saline (day 0) was injected in in the femur-tibial joint of wild-type and knee joints samples were collected and processed to determine the levels of IL-33 and sST2 at indicated points (7–28 days) post S. aureus injection by ELISA. For clinical samples analysis: n = 5 for septic arthritis and n = 10 for osteoarthritis patients. * P < 0.05 vs osteoarthritic patients group (A,B) . Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. For mice samples analysis: n = 6 per group, representative of two independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs day 0 of infection (C,D) . Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Saline, Injection, Infection, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: ST2 deficiency ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus -induced septic arthritis. S. aureus or saline was injected in the femur-tibial joint of wild-type (WT) and ST2 −/− mice. (A) Mechanical hyperalgesia, (B) articular edema, and (C) clinical score were evaluated over 27 days post-infection. Knee joints were collected and processed to determine the levels of (D) TNF-α and (E) IL-1β by ELISA determined at days 7–28 days post-infection. (F) Total leukocytes, (G) neutrophil, and (H) mononuclear recruitment to the knee joint were determined at 7–28 days post-infection. Knee joint samples were collected at the 28th day post-infection for histological analysis by hematoxylin/eosin stained slices to determine: (I) synovitis score (intensity: 1–4) and (J) cartilage destruction score (intensity: 1–4). (K) Representative images of knee joints at 28 post-infection in original magnification ×10. The letter a indicates a heavily inflamed joint with cartilage destruction and pannus formation. (F) Proteoglycan content in patella determined at 7–28 days post-infection. For inflammatory parameters and proteoglycan content: n = 6 per group per in vivo experiment, representative of two independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs naïve mice group, # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (A–H,L) . One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. For histological analysis: n = 8 per group per experiment, representative of two independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs naïve mice group, # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (I–K) . Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Abbreviations: C , cartilage; JC , joint cavity.

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Saline, Injection, Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, In Vivo

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: ST2 deficiency enhances neutrophil and macrophages bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus was injected in the femur-tibial joint of wild-type (WT) and ST2 −/− mice. At indicated points (7–28 days post-infection), (A) knee joints and (B) spleen samples were collected and bacterial counts were determined on agar dishes. (C,D) FACS analysis of neutrophils (1 × 10 6 ) from WT and ST2 −/− naïve mice incubated in vitro with S. aureus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 to evaluate phagocytosis. (E,F) FACS analysis of naïve bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) (1 × 10 6 ) from WT and ST2 −/− naïve mice incubated in vitro with S. aureus at a MOI of 3 to evaluate phagocytosis. Microbicidal activity of neutrophils (G) and BMDM (H) from WT and ST2 −/− naïve mice preincubated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (100 IU/ml, 1 h) against S. aureus . All neutrophils were harvested from the bone marrow of mice. N = 6 wells per group per in vitro experiment, representative of two independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (A,B) . Samples were pooled from 10 mice per group per in vitro experiment, representative of two independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. # P < 0.05 vs WT neutrophils or BMDM group (C–F) . * P < 0.05 vs WT group preincubated with only medium (G,H) .

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection, Infection, Incubation, In Vitro, Derivative Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: ST2 deficiency enhances NO production by neutrophils and macrophages and reduces Staphylococcus aureus -induced septic arthritis. NO production was determined as nitrite concentration by Griess reagent in the culture supernatant of (A) neutrophils and (B) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cells from wild-type (WT) or ST2 −/− naïve mice preincubated in vitro with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (100 IU/ml, 1 h) or medium, followed by incubation with S. aureus , or (C) in the culture supernatant of macrophages like-cells isolated from peritoneal cavity of WT or ST2 −/− mice with staphylococcal arthritis and challenged with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (10 µg/ml, a toll-like receptor 2 agonist) plus IFN-γ (100 UI/ml) for 48 h. S. aureus or saline (day 0) was injected in the femur-tibial joint of WT and ST2 −/− mice and knee joint samples were collected and processed to determine: (D) the mRNA and (E) protein expression of iNOS at indicated time points post-infection by qPCR and Western Blot, respectively. WT and ST2 −/− mice were treated with aminoguanidine (AMG, 30 mg/kg, s.c., 150 µl) or vehicle (saline, 150 µl) over 28 days after i.a. S. aureus [10 7 colony-forming unity (CFU)/10 μl/joint] injection: (F) mechanical hyperalgesia, (G) articular edema, and (H) clinical severity score were evaluated over 27 days post-bacterial infection. At the 28th day post-infection, (I) leukocyte recruitment to the articular cavity, (J) bacterial counts in knee joint cavity and (K) spleen, and (L) proteoglycan content in patella samples were determined. N = 6 per group per in vivo experiment or N = 4 per group for WB analysis and samples were pooled from 10 mice per in vitro experiment. * P < 0.05 vs WT neutrophils or BMDM group preincubated with only medium, or vs mice naïve group; # P < 0.05 vs WT and ST2 −/− neutrophils or BMDM group preincubated with only medium, or vs WT mice group (A–E) . * P < 0.05 vs naïve mice group; # P < 0.05 vs ST2 −/− + saline mice group vs WT + saline mice group; ** P < 0.05 WT + AMG mice group vs WT + saline mice group; ## P < 0.05 ST2 −/− + AMG mice group vs ST2 −/− + saline mice group (F–L) . Representative of two independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Derivative Assay, In Vitro, Incubation, Isolation, Saline, Injection, Expressing, Infection, Western Blot, In Vivo

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: ST2 deficiency enhances type 1-driven immune response against Staphylococcus aureus in septic arthritis S. aureus or saline was injected in in the femur-tibial joint of wild-type (WT) and ST2 −/− mice. (A) Representative FACS plots and (B) the percentage of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4 + T cells (CD4 + IFNγ + T cells) from lymph node collected at day 7 and 14 post-infection and evaluated by flow cytometry, and (C) IFN-γ concentrations in the knee joints of WT and ST2 −/− at 7–28 days post-infection determined by ELISA. bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) (1 × 10 6 ) from naïve WT mice were incubated in vitro with S. aureus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 for 18 h to assess: (D) interleukin-33 (IL-33) mRNA and (E) ST2 mRNA expression by qPCR, (F) IL-33 levels by ELISA. BMDMs (1 × 10 6 ) from naïve WT and ST2 −/− mice incubated in vitro with S. aureus at a MOI of 3 for 18 h to assess: (G) IFN-γ mRNA expression by qPCR and (H) IFN-γ levels by ELISA. BMDMs from naïve WT and ST2 −/− mice preincubated 1 h in vitro with IFN-γ (100 IU/ml), anti-IFN-γ (10 µg/ml) or medium, followed by incubation with S. aureus at a MOI of 3 for 18 h to assess: (I) iNOS mRNA expression by qPCR, (J) iNOS protein expression by Western Blot, and (K) NO production determined as nitrite concentration by Griess reagent in the culture supernatant. (L) BMDMs (1 × 10 6 ) from naïve WT and ST2 −/− mice preincubated 1 h in vitro with IFN-γ (100 IU/ml), anti-IFN-γ (10 µg/ml), or medium, followed by incubation with S. aureus at a MOI of 3 for 3 h to assess bactericidal capability of BMDMs by Killing assay. N = 5 per group per in vivo experiment. * P < 0.05 vs WT naïve group (B) or vs day 0 of infection (C) , # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (B,C) . Representative of two independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. For in vitro experiments: Samples were pooled from 5 mice per group, N 5 wells per group per in vitro experiment. * P < 0.05 vs WT medium group (D–F, K) or only bacteria group (L) . # P < 0.05 vs WT S. aureus group (G–I) or vs WT medium (L) , ## P < 0.05 vs WT IFN-γ + S. aureus group and WT S. aureus group (I,K) , ** P < 0.05 vs ST2 −/− S. aureus group and WT IFN-γ + S. aureus group (I–K) , f P < 0.05 vs ST2 −/− S. aureus group (I–L) . Representative of two independent experiments. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Saline, Injection, Infection, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Derivative Assay, Incubation, In Vitro, Expressing, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, In Vivo, Bacteria

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Interleukin-33 Receptor (ST2) Deficiency Improves the Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus -Induced Septic Arthritis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00962

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contributes to the resolution of staphylococcal arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus or saline was injected in in the femur-tibial joint of wild-type (WT) and IFN-γ −/− mice. (A) Mechanical hyperalgesia, (B) articular edema, and (C) clinical score were evaluated over 27 days post-infection. At 28-day post-infection, knee joint samples were collected at 28-day post-infection to determine: (D) leukocyte recruitment to the articular cavity, histopathological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin stained slices: (E) representative images of knee joints at 28 post-infection in original magnification ×10. The letter a indicates a heavily inflamed joint with cartilage destruction and pannus formation, (F) synovitis score (intensity: 1–4), and (G) cartilage destruction score (intensity: 1–4). At 28-day post-infection, (H) proteoglycan content in patellas, (I) bacterial counts in knee joint cavity, (J) and were determined, and (K) interleukin-33 (IL-33) and (L) sST2 concentrations in knee joints were determined by ELISA. Correlation analysis of IL-33 and IFN-γ levels determined by ELISA in synovial fluid samples from patients with septic arthritis. For inflammatory parameters and proteoglycan content: n = 6 per group per in vivo experiment, representative of two independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs naïve mice group, # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (A–D,H–L) . One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. For histological analysis: n = 8 per group per experiment, representative of two independent experiments. * P < 0.05 vs naïve mice group, # P < 0.05 vs WT mice group (E–G) . Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Spearman rank correlation test was used for the assessment of correlation (M) . Abbreviations: C , cartilage; JC , joint cavity.

Article Snippet: Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) number 6538.

Techniques: Saline, Injection, Infection, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, In Vivo

Journal: Materials

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Released from Calcium Sulfate Bone Void Filler Beads

doi: 10.3390/ma11112265

Figure Lengend Snippet: Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) data with EUCAST clinical breakpoint tables v 6.0 and CLSI M100 breakpoints.

Article Snippet: Teicoplanin 400 mg , S. aureus (ATCC 6538) S. aureus (NCTC 12493) MRSA S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) , 18 26 23 , EUCAST CLSI EUCAST , - - - , - - - , n/a n/a n/a.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Materials

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Released from Calcium Sulfate Bone Void Filler Beads

doi: 10.3390/ma11112265

Figure Lengend Snippet: Repeated zone of inhibition (ZOI) of S. aureus NCTC 13143 EMRSA-16 and S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 Stimulan ® beads loaded with rifampicin, rifampicin and vancomycin or daptomycin. Assays were performed in triplicate and data expressed as the mean and 1SD.

Article Snippet: Teicoplanin 400 mg , S. aureus (ATCC 6538) S. aureus (NCTC 12493) MRSA S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) , 18 26 23 , EUCAST CLSI EUCAST , - - - , - - - , n/a n/a n/a.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Materials

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Released from Calcium Sulfate Bone Void Filler Beads

doi: 10.3390/ma11112265

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative image of the Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) observed with ( A , B ) S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 and( C , D ) S. aureus NCTC 13143 EMRSA-16 at day 20 of rifampicin and vancomycin in combination, showing no evidence of resistant colonies ( B , D ) and rifampicin alone ( A , C ) showing potential resistant mutant colonies growing within the ZOI (black arrows).

Article Snippet: Teicoplanin 400 mg , S. aureus (ATCC 6538) S. aureus (NCTC 12493) MRSA S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) , 18 26 23 , EUCAST CLSI EUCAST , - - - , - - - , n/a n/a n/a.

Techniques: Inhibition, Mutagenesis

Journal: Materials

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Released from Calcium Sulfate Bone Void Filler Beads

doi: 10.3390/ma11112265

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of unloaded beads as well as vancomycin (Vanco), rifampicin (Rif), rifampicin and vancomycin in combination (Vanco + Rif) and daptomycin (Dapto) loaded beads on established S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilms at contact times at days (D) 1,3 and 7. Dashed line is the detection limit. No beads were added as a positive control for biofilm growth. Mean and 95% CI (n = 3), *indicates statistically significant differences from the unloaded beads ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Teicoplanin 400 mg , S. aureus (ATCC 6538) S. aureus (NCTC 12493) MRSA S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) , 18 26 23 , EUCAST CLSI EUCAST , - - - , - - - , n/a n/a n/a.

Techniques: Positive Control

Journal: Materials

Article Title: In Vitro Efficacy of Antibiotics Released from Calcium Sulfate Bone Void Filler Beads

doi: 10.3390/ma11112265

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative CSLM images showing S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 biofilm (live cells stained green and dead and membrane compromised cells stained red or yellow) following treatment for 24 h and 1 week with unloaded beads (negative control) and beads loaded with rifampicin (Rifampin), rifampicin and vancomycin, and daptomycin. Scale bars: 25 µm.

Article Snippet: Teicoplanin 400 mg , S. aureus (ATCC 6538) S. aureus (NCTC 12493) MRSA S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) , 18 26 23 , EUCAST CLSI EUCAST , - - - , - - - , n/a n/a n/a.

Techniques: Staining, Membrane, Negative Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens—Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/ijms24119727

Figure Lengend Snippet: Studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against methicillin resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant S. aureus (a non-exhaustive list).

Article Snippet: Marino A et al., 2020 , S. aureus ATCC 6538 S. aureus ATCC 43300 S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 B. subtilis ATCC 6633 S. aureus 7786 MRSA ( S. aureus 815) S. aureus 74CCH-MRSA P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 Candida sp. , Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Reichenb. fil. Hydrolate alone or in association with tetracycline/itraconazole , Checkerboard method Broth microdilution Propidium iodide and MitoTracker staining , Spanish oregano (also known as Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. and Link) EO obtained from flowers was used. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared hydrolates (alone or in combination with tetracyline and itraconazole) was assessed. The hydrolate exhibited good antimicrobial activity, as well as a synergistic action (alteration of mitochondrial function) with itraconazole against C. krusei and an additive effect (alteration of membrane permeability) with tetracycline against MRSA strains. , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Cytotoxicity Assay, Electron Microscopy, In Vitro, Dilution Assay, Preserving, Quantitative Proteomics, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Membrane, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Concentration Assay, Titration, Bacteria, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Microdilution Assay, Produced, Modification, Clinical Proteomics, Blocking Assay, Staining, Cell Culture, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Crystal Violet Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, In Vivo, Liposomes, Time-Kill Assay, Formulation, MTT Assay, Incubation, Thin Layer Chromatography, Bioassay, Antibiofilm Assay, Resazurin Assay, Biofilm Production Assay, Control, Infection, Cream, Antioxidant Activity Assay, Permeability, Virus, Extraction, Isolation